CPP字符串操作
CPP字符串转整型¶
    std::string y = "A8";
    int x;
    try {
        x = std::stol(y, nullptr, 16);
    }
    catch (std::invalid_argument&){     
        cout << "Invalid_argument" << endl;
    }
    catch (std::out_of_range&){
        cout << "Out of range" << endl;
    }
    catch (...) {       
        cout << "Something else" << endl;
    }